See skulan on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skulan meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "85 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
],
"id": "en-skulan-got-romanization-4V78iGtv",
"links": [
[
"𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schȫlen",
"3": "schöllen",
"4": "schullen",
"5": "sȫlen",
"6": "scölen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schölen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "schölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: schölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sculan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sculan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skulu"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.\nCognates\nCompare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-pp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skulan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skalt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skulis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skulandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skal",
"2": "skul",
"3": "skold"
},
"name": "osx-conj-pp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'",
"roman": "that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 621",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shall, will"
],
"id": "en-skulan-osx-verb-SAApsoVV",
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies",
"roman": "Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 1883",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"id": "en-skulan-osx-verb-fYA8yg-0",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skela",
"3": "skila"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skela, skila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skela, skila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "skälle"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: skälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: skälle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan",
"3": "sulan",
"4": "scolan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "süln",
"3": "suln",
"4": "scholen",
"5": "schulen",
"6": "sollen",
"7": "saln",
"8": "soln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "soin",
"3": "solln"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: soin, solln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: soin, solln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen"
},
"expansion": "German: sollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זאָלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skulaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną. The change of sk to s observed in many languages is probably attributable to the word’s common appearance in unstressed position.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skulan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be obliged"
],
"id": "en-skulan-gmw-pro-verb-UoIWV6lJ",
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon preterite-present verbs",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon preterite-present verbs",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schȫlen",
"3": "schöllen",
"4": "schullen",
"5": "sȫlen",
"6": "scölen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schölen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "schölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: schölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sculan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sculan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skulu"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.\nCognates\nCompare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-pp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skulan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skalt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skulis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skulandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skal",
"2": "skul",
"3": "skold"
},
"name": "osx-conj-pp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'",
"roman": "that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 621",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shall, will"
],
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies",
"roman": "Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 1883",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skela",
"3": "skila"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skela, skila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skela, skila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "skälle"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: skälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: skälle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan",
"3": "sulan",
"4": "scolan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "süln",
"3": "suln",
"4": "scholen",
"5": "schulen",
"6": "sollen",
"7": "saln",
"8": "soln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "soin",
"3": "solln"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: soin, solln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: soin, solln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen"
},
"expansion": "German: sollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זאָלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skulaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną. The change of sk to s observed in many languages is probably attributable to the word’s common appearance in unstressed position.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skulan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic preterite-present verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be obliged"
],
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.